Which sequence best describes performing basic root cause analysis for equipment failure?

• A. Assign blame to the operator, then schedule maintenance.
• B. Immediately replace all components without data.
• C. Collect data, map events, identify probable causes, test hypotheses, implement corrective actions, and verify effectiveness.
• D. Copy the original equipment manual and follow its steps verbatim.

Answer: (C)

Root cause analysis is a structured, data-driven process that starts with gathering information about the failure and ends with verification that the fix actually works. It relies on evidence and a logical sequence rather than guesswork or quick fixes.

Begin by collecting data about what happened: operating conditions, error logs, maintenance history, and any notes from operators or witnesses. Next, map the events into a timeline to understand the sequence of events and how the failure developed. Then identify probable causes by looking for patterns and relationships, often using systematic questioning to drill down into potential sources. Test these hypotheses with targeted checks, experiments, or analysis to determine whether a chosen cause explains the observed symptoms. Once a cause is confirmed, implement corrective actions—adjust procedures, replace or repair components, or modify controls—and then verify effectiveness by monitoring performance and confirming the issue does not recur.

Blaming the operator, replacing components without data, or simply copying the manual without adaptation don’t address the underlying problem and can waste time and resources. The data-driven sequence ensures the solution targets the actual root cause and prevents recurrence.